Jan Lokpal Bill Essays

Jan Lokpal Bill Essays Jan Lokpal Bill Essay Jan Lokpal Bill Essay - Jan Lokpal Bill From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The  Jan Lokpal Bill, also referred to as the  citizens ombudsman bill, is a proposed independent anti-corruption law in  India. Anti-corruption social activists proposed it as a more effective improvement to the original  Lokpal bill, which is currently being proposed by the  Government of India. [1] The Jan Lokpal Bill aims to effectively deter corruption, redress grievances of citizens, and protect  whistle-blowers. If made into law, the bill would create an independent  ombudsman  body called theLokpal  (Sanskrit:  protector of the people). It would be empowered to register and investigate complaints of corruption against politicians and bureaucrats without prior government approval. [2][3][4] In April 2011, civil activist  Anna Hazare  started a  Satyagraha  movement by commencing an indefinite fast in New Delhi to demand the passing of the bill. The movement attracted attention in the media, and hundreds of thousands of supporters, in part due to the organizational skills of  Arvind Kejriwal. [5]  Following Hazares four day hunger strike,  Indian Prime Minister  Manmohan Singh  stated that the bill would be re-introduced in the 2011 monsoon session of  the Parliament. 6]  Accordingly, a committee of five Cabinet Ministers and five social activists attempted to draft a compromise bill merging the two versions but failed. The  Indian government  went on to propose its own version in the parliament, which the activists rejected on the grounds of not being sufficiently effective, and called it a toothless bill. [7] Contents  Ã‚  [hide]   * 1  Background * 2  Key features of proposed bill * 3  Difference between governments and activist drafts * 3. 1  Highlights * 3. 2  Details * 4  Timeline of Lokpal and cost * 5  Campaign for the Jan Lokpal Bill * 5. 1  Fast Agitation – Phase 1 * 5.   Drafting Committee * 5. 3  Fast Agitation – Phase 2 * 5. 4  Notable supporters and opposition * 6  Criticisms of the Jan Lokpal Bill * 6. 1  Naive approach * 6. 2  Extra-constitutional * 6. 3  Scope * 6. 4  Criticism from Aruna Roy, Arundhati Roy and NCPRI * 7  Support for the Bill * 7. 1  Surveys * 7. 2  Legislator support * 7. 3  Social media * 7. 4  Online surveys * 8  Parliamentary actions on the proposed legislation * 9  See also * 10  References * 11  External links| - [edit]Background The word  Lokpal  was coined in 1963 by L. M. Singhvi, a Member of Parliament during a debate in  Parliament  about grievance redressal mechanisms. His son Dr. Abhishek Singhvi  is now the head of the Parliamentary  Standing Committee  reviewing the bill. [8]  The prefix  Jan  (translation: citizens) was added to signify the fact that these improvements include input provided by ordinary citizens through an activist-driven, non-governmental public consultation. [9][10] The Lokpal bill was first introduced by  Shanti Bhushan  in 1968[11]  and passed the 4th  Lok Sabha  in 1969. But before it could be passed by  Rajya Sabha,  Lok Sabha  was dissolved and the bill lapsed. 12]  The Subsequent versions were re-introduced in 1971, 1977, 1985, 1989, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2005 and in 2008,[13]  but none of them passed. The bill was inspired by the Hong KongIndependent Commission Against Corruption  (ICAC). [14][15] - [edit]Key features of proposed bill Some important features of the proposed bill are :[9] 1. To establish a central government anti-corruption institution called  Lokpal, supported by  Lokayukta  at the state level. 2. As in the case of the  Supreme Court  and  Cabinet Secretariat, the  Lokpal  will be supervised by the  Cabinet Secretary  and the  Election Commission. As a result, it will be completely independent of the government and free from ministerial influence in its investigations. 3. Members will be appointed by judges,  Indian Administrative Service  officers with a clean record, private citizens and constitutional authorities through a transparent and participatory process. 4. A selection committee will invite short-listed candidates for interviews, videorecordings of which will thereafter be made public. 5. Every month on its website, the  Lokayukta  will publish a list of cases dealt with, brief details of each, their outcome and any action taken or proposed. It will also publish lists of all cases received by the  Lokayukta  during the previous month, cases dealt with and those which are pending. 6. Investigations of each case must be completed in one year. Any resulting trials should be concluded in the following year, giving a total maximum process time of two years. 7. Losses to the government by a corrupt individual will be recovered at the time of conviction. 8. Government officework required by a citizen that is not completed within a prescribed time period will result in  Lokpal  imposing financial penalties on those responsible, which will then be given as compensation to the complainant. . Complaints against any officer of  Lokpal  will be investigated and completed within month and, if found to be substantive, will result in the officer being dismissed within two months. 10. The existing anti-corruption agencies [CVC], departmental vigilance and the anti-corruption branch of the [CBI] will be merged into  Lokpal  which will have complete power authority to independently investigate and prosecute any officer, judge or politician. 11. Whistleblowers  who alert the agency to potential corruption cases will also be provided with protection by it. - edit]Difference between governments and activist drafts [edit]Highlights Difference between Jan Lokpal Bill and Draft Bill 2010[16]| Jan Lokpal Bill (Citizens Ombudsman Bill)| Draft Lokpal Bill (2010)| Lokpal  will have powers to initiate  suo motu  action or receive complaints of corruption from the general public. | Lokpal  will have no power to initiate  suo motu  action or receive complaints of corruption from the general public. It can only probe complaints forwarded by the Speaker of the  Lok Sabha  or the Chairman of the  Rajya Sabha. | Lokpal  will have the power to initiate prosecution of anyone found guilty. Lokpal  will only be an Advisory Body with a role limited to forwarding reports to a Competent Authority. | L okpal  will have police powers as well as the ability to register FIRs. | Lokpal  will have no police powers and no ability to register an  FIR  or proceed with criminal investigations. | Lokpal  and the anti corruption wing of the CBI will be one independent body. | The CBI and  Lokpal  will be unconnected. | Punishments will be a minimum of 10 years and a maximum of up to life imprisonment. | Punishment for corruption will be a minimum of 6 months and a maximum of up to 7 years. [edit]Details The following table details differences between the Government and activist backed versions. [17][18][19] Comparison SlideShow uploaded by India Against Corruption. [20] Issue| The Jan Lokpal Bill[10]| Governments Lokpal Bill[1]| Prime Minister| PM can be investigated with permission of seven member Lokpal bench. [clarification needed][17]| PM can be investigated by Lokpal after she/he vacates office. [21]| Judiciary| Can be investigated, though high level members may be investi gated only with permission of a seven member Lokpal bench. clarification needed][17]| Judiciary is exempt and will be covered by a separate judicial accountability bill. [18]| Conduct of  MPs| Can be investigated with permission of seven member Lokpal bench. [clarification needed][17]| Can be investigated, but their conduct within Parliament, such as voting, cannot be investigated. [18]| Lower bureaucracy| All public servants would be included. [18]| Only senior officers (Group A) will be covered. [18]| Anti-corruption wing of theCentral Bureau of Investigation (CBI)| The Anti-corruption wing of the CBI will be merged into the Lokpal. 18]| The Anti-corruption wing of the CBI cannot be merged into the Lokpal. [17]| Removal of Lokpal members and Chair| Any person can bring a complaint to the Supreme Court, who can then recommend removal of any member to the President. [17]| Any aggrieved party can raise a complaint to the President, who will refer the matter to the CJI. [17]| Remova l of Lokpal staff and officers| Complaints against Lokpal staff will be handled by independent boards set-up in each state, composed of retired bureaucrats, judges, and civil society members. 17]| Lokpal will conduct inquiries into its own behaviour. [17]| Lokayukta| Lokayukta and other local/state anti-corruption agency would remain in place. [18]| All state anti-corruption agencies would be closed and responsibilities taken over by centralised Lokpal. [18]| Whistleblower  protection| Whistleblowers are protected by Lokpal. [17]| No protection granted to whistleblowers by Lokpal Mahima. [17]| Punishment for corruption| Lokpal can either directly impose penalties, or refer the matter to the courts. Penalties can include removal from office, imprisonment, and recovery of assets from those who benefited from the corruption. [17]| Lokpal can only refer matters to the courts, not take any direct punitive actions. Penalties remain equivalent to those in current law. [17]| Investigatory powers| Lokpal can obtain wiretaps ( to make a connection to a telegraph or telephone wire in order to obtain information secretly), issue  rogatory letters, and recruit investigating officers. Cannot issue contempt orders. [17]| Lokpal can issue contempt orders, and has the ability to punish those in contempt. No authority to obtain wiretaps, issue rogatory letters, or recruit investigating officers. [17]| False, frivolous and vexatious complaints| Lokpal can issue fines for frivolous complaints (including frivolous complaints against Lokpal itself), with a maximum penalty of Rs 100,000. [17]| Court system will handle matters of frivolous complaints. Courts can give 2–5 years imprisonment and fines of Rs 25,000 to 200,000. [20]| NGOs| NGOs not within the scope due to their role in exposing corruption. [19]| NGOs are within the scope and can be investigated. [19]|

Designing and implementing an evaluation of the quality of your Lab Report - 1

Designing and implementing an evaluation of the quality of your clinical teaching - Lab Report Example The responses of the students were measured on a linkert scale and the data tabulated for analysis. Twelve graduated nurses responded to the questions. From the results obtained, all the answers ranged between satisfactory, good, and very good. A majority of the responses fell within the category of very good. There was zero data on the categories of poor and very poor. On the positive side, all the questions ranging from Question 1 to Question 8 received overwhelming positive response from the respondents. Question 12 also ranked highly with all the students endorsing the preceptors with the score of â€Å"Very Good.† From this set of results it shows that students were positively in agreement with the fact that the preceptors were available for them, the preceptors understood their roles, the preceptors used students strength and knowledge, and that the receptors acted as good role models. Equally, the students were unanimously in agreement with the fact that the preceptors showed a good rapport with the students, helped them understand goals and needs of the experience, provided immediate feedback with adequate comment, and that they asked students to ask questions. Similarly, the students were in agreement that the nurses communicated clinical and didactic knowledge well. On the negative side, Question 9 and Question 10 scored low on the responses of the nursing students with many of those who responded spreading out between the levels of satisfactory and very good. By implication, it would imply that the respondents did not feel very positively strongly on the questions of whether the preceptors could communicate clinical and didactic knowledge well. They also showed little affirmation on whether the preceptors communicated clinical and previous knowledge well. This evaluation report proved a significantly resourceful tool in revealing the effectiveness of the methods

Modern Artist - Constantin Brancusi Research Paper

Modern Artist - Constantin Brancusi - Research Paper Example The paper "Modern Artist - Constantin Brancusi" investigates Constantin Brancusi's art. He was strongly influenced from the African and oriental art and most of this work pieces also reflect his admiration towards them. Some of his prominent works include Sleeping Muse (1908), The Kiss (1908), Prometheus (1911), Mademoiselle Pogany (1913), The Newborn (1915), Bird in Space (1919) and The Column of the Infinite that is commonly called with the name The Endless Column (1938).Keeping in view his interesting in wood carving, initially he got the training as a carpenter and stonemason. However, when he settled in Paris he recognized his great interest and capabilities in sculpture making. Brancusi has been regarded among the prominent central figures of the modern movements. He pioneered abstraction and paves the way towards the evolution of new genre in the field of art. Brancusi strived to make simple work pieced using few basic elements. He was also admired by the work of August Rodin however, he was most interested in searching for pure form and in the end he succeeded to convey the sense of gravity through his work pieces making from few basic elements. His art work is not only praised for the visual elegance but he also showed the sensitive use of material blended with direct peasant carving and Parisian Avant-grade. His style was based upon his non-conventional approach towards art and creation of art pieces. He believes that main purpose of art work in to reveal the hidden truth.

Brahms Requiem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brahms Requiem - Assignment Example Brahms was highly influenced and affected by his mother and friend’s death and he thought that there was need to perform a requiem mass to console those who were grieving and also to let the dead lie peacefully. As a matter of fact this German artist felt that he had to pay tribute to his benefactor Robert Schumann (Musgrave 5) so that he could always feel him around and have his musical memories as well as the memories of his mother. Franco-Prussian war ended in 1866. This war is believed to have influenced Brahms to compose his requiem to fare well the war’s victims and console the affected souls. There are also several events that happened believed to have influence his composition without any one of them being the exact or main reason behind the requiem but they are said to be the forces behind Brahms requiem. Comparison of Brahms Requiem in line with classical music Brahms requiem was believed to be lengthy and full of empty passages but compared to other performances by different artists, it is so classical and of good quality (Musgrave 8). The slow piano playing makes the message being conveyed to be received as intended and this also makes it perfect for such performances to take place at Ellen Eccles.

DBQ 1820s 1830s Essay -- essays research papers

For quite some time Americans have been led to believe that during the 1820s and 30s, Jacksonian Democrats were the guardians of the people, and worked to improve the nation for the people. The truth remains, however, that during this period, President Jackson vetoed a bill to recharter the Bank of the United States of America, infringed on the rights of Native Americans, used â€Å"brute† force to bring Southerners under submission during the Tariff of 1832. He enacted the Spoils System which did not guarantee the best leadership, and was morally corrupt. Although the nation’s economy and political democracy flourished during the reign of President Jackson, constitutional rights, equal opportunity and individual liberties were discouraged. In her 1834 visit to America, british author Harriet Martineau wrote of the nation’s economy being strong and properous. The absence of poverty and ignorance and independence of every man are some of the observations she recorded (D). The national economy did in fact boom during the 1820s and early 30s. With Samuel Slater’s introduction of the â€Å"Factory System† to America, and Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, the United States’ speed in manufacturing textiles increased rapidly. In 1837, however, America experienced a tremendous financial depression. Bad land speculation, and the fall of the Federal Bank (due to Jackson’s failure to recharter the Bank in 1832) were the two main factors that caused the financial crisis. ...

Report on the Case Study Tata Steel’s Ehtics Essay

Executive Summary The gender balance group was given a case study into Tata’s contribution to ethical business practices and sustainability to investigate into. The ten (10) member group shared the research questions amongst themselves for effective and efficient exercise. The group researched into the general view of ethical business practices as behavioral moral values and principles that determine our conducts in the business world. It went deeper to expanciate that, this ethics is applied in various aspect of the business’ â€Å"life†. These include: production process, employees, customers, shareholders, the government and business competitors. The enforcement of this practice goes beyond the provision of code of corporate ethics. Considering both the public and business perspective of sustainability which goes beyond corporate responsibility to the environmental impact of a business’ operations, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) provides an accurate tool for analyses than carbon footprint of the user phase. This actually takes the true environmental impact of the product from the ‘cradle to the grave’ into consideration. Though this process may be quiet cumbersome, both the business and the environment enjoy a great deal of benefits. Tata contribution towards ethical and sustainable practices is evident in all its activities. It has been able use LCA to produce light metals for the production of cars thereby reducing the amount of CO2 emission. Introduction Steel is a product that is widely used in almost every area of our modern life. It plays a key role in the world’s infrastructure. Tata Steel first established in India is the second largest steel manufacturing industry in the Europe. Its steel products are widely used in the construction industry, aerospace, rail, packaging etc. Tata Steel’s case study into its ethical and sustainability practice was to be addressed by our group – GROUP 27. The group began a series of meetings immediately after its formation. In other to ensure efficient and timely exercise, different tasks were assigned to members and the group leader was unanimously nominated. The questions involved were segmented and given to each member to research on. Data was then collated from various sources and sent the central pull for the preparation of slides and for subsequent presentation on the stipulated date. This report seeks to establish the sources of information for Tata’s ethical and sustainability practices. Key theoretical issues concerning ethical and how a business could use sustainability practice to compete was also given attention to. Since the research was conducted by a group, individuals’ contribution was assessed towards the works completion. Further, my personal observation in relation to the assignment and the knowledge gained were brought to bear. Conclusion from the study was then drawn to evaluate the success or otherwise of the whole exercise. Sources of Information The information gathered was from two main sources – books and the internet. Much information was gathered from Tata’s website which gave me much insight into the research. This actually provided me with Tata’s history, competitors, huge Corporate Social Responsibilities, business ethics and core values among others. Other websites gave me the information about a holistic view of business ethics and Life Cycle Assessment as well. In addition a couple of reading materials including books and journals augmented to the profound knowledge of the general view of ethical behavior and sustainability. Individual Contribution The research questions ware sub- divided into smaller fragments and each member was assigned a question to research on. Personally I contributed to answering the question of ethical business practices. George Chryssides and John Kaler gave their view as to why businesses should adopt ethical business practices. Materials obtained from the internet suggested that business ethics is applied in all areas of the business including production processes, human resource, shareholders, the community, the government and customers alike. I went further to elaborate on some unethical business practices and what organisations can to do for its enforcement. This gave us much insight to ethical business practices. The outcome was warmly received by members and they profoundly understood the concept and how it was even related to Tata Steel. I was nominated to lead the presentation and the design of the sequence of actions that was to be followed during the presentation was part of my responsibility. On my part, I was to explain what business ethics was, what unethical business practice was and how it could be enforced in an organisation. Theoretical Issues The main objective of the research was to understand business ethical practices, how sustainability could help a business to compete and how Tata Steel had contributed towards such acts. While the objective of any business is to make profits, it should contribute towards the interest of the society by ensuring fair practices. This in effect improve cooperate social responsibility, increase consumer confidence and protect brand values in other to gain competitive advantage. Theoretically, issues concerning ethical business practice and sustainability with particular attention to LCA were of great concern to the research. Ethical business practices are standard behavior of moral values and principles that determine business’ conduct in the business world. Ethical practice takes care of the investor. It is to ensure that the dividends payable to the investor is in safe hands and in good time. Production methods should be environmentally sustainable and everybody involved either directly or indirectly is unduly harmed. Also, it takes into account the health and safety as well as the value of the human capital. Sustainability practice of an organization focuses on the balance between the maximizing shareholders value, honouring the environmental and social responsibilities. For Tata Steel, its sustainability naturally follows its core value of ethics. In all this areas of the challenge, the environmental responsibility happens to be of great concern due to its relationship with the Carbon Footprint. However, findings revealed that LCA provides a more powerful tool to tackling CO2 emission including all phases from production to disposal of material. Even though a holistic LCA is data intensive and time consuming procedure, it enormous benefit ranges from a safer environmental impact, the financial benefit through the knowledge of the resale value at each stage of products life and helps business to gain completive advantage. Research Conclusion From Tata’s case study it was agreed that whereas some businesses do not take ethical issues seriously, Tata steel could be one of the best companies who efficiently and effectively practice business ethics and sustainability. A critical evaluation revealed that the company’s ethical business practice and sustainability is far big thing to write home about. This can be seen in the company’s integrity, understanding of its stakeholders, excellence in business operations, force of unity among employees and corporate responsibility delivered to the society. Personal Observation After researching into the ethical business practices and sustainability using the case study of Tata Steel, some observations were made in relation to the group assignment. Ethical business practices and sustainability has a wider view than I anticipated and has rather broad importance to the business and the society at large. Considering ethical business practices, it was observed that the business has a rather big responsibility to all its stakeholders. It was astonishing to notice that this responsibility is discharged to all those who are directly or indirectly affected by the business. It is somewhat a herculean task for businesses to take care of all its stake holders while maximising shareholders value. However the business enjoys enormous benefits in return of their good deeds. In the light of sustainability, the broader spectrum of LCA was noticed. Though LCA suffers some amount of criticism, a greater number of businesses find it very useful for itself and the environment as well. From Tata’s case study, it became evident that much importance is attached to the whole life cycle than just carbon footprint On a whole, ethical behavior and sustainability in Business operations promote trust and confidence to the consumers and the society in which it operates. These go to promote a good business environment for growth and development opportunities for the company. Knowledge Gained The assignments brought a number of issues to my knowledge. These came from practical activities we undertook and the academic research we embarked on. Practically the effectiveness of division of labour was the first practical knowledge I uncounted. When members were assigned specific task for the presentation, it was surprising to notice that each and every one did what is expected of them making it easier for our preparation. As a team leader, I realised it was always helpful to be a good listener to acknowledge the views of others before making necessary suggestions. This was very crucial since the group encompasses members from different nationals and cultural backgrounds. In the academic wise, the research made me realise that ethical business practice and sustainability go a long way to benefit all the stakeholders involved. In most businesses, the sustainability practice naturally follows its ethical practices. My attention has totally shifted from carbon footprint to the direction of Life Cycle Assessment due to its immense benefits. This powerful tool (where a products environmental impact is assessed considering all the stages of a products life from cradle- to- grave) when implemented by all businesses could contribute immensely to win the war against the climatic change. Impact of Individual Contribution Every member contributed positively to the success of the work. As a group leader, I managed to successfully chair all meetings and made sure specific tasks were timely met. I was to address the issue of ethical business practices. Since I played the leading role in the presentation, the team’s expectation for a good start was met and that encourage the rest of the presentation team to follow suite. The data collection manager successfully gathered all data for the slide preparation. During the presentation, the following action points emanated from my individual contribution: 1. Definition of ethical business practices 2. Areas of ethical business practices 3. Examples of unethical business practices 4. Enforcement of ethical practices Remarks Though the exercise could not be said to enjoy 100% success, one cannot say that it was a failure. The exercise was a bit challenging to the group. Deciding on the times and venue for the various meetings for instance was not easy to be agreed upon. For most instances meetings were held 45mins later than the agreed time. This however did not demoralised us from pursuing our course and we were able to complete the task on time. The effectiveness of our communication tool kept us on our toes and ‘data collection gateway’ was a good thing to wright home about. Text messages, emails and phone calls were put to effective use. Furthermore, every member of the group had an in-depth knowledge of ethical practice and sustainability from the various discussions held. We have learnt how to work together as a team and most importantly how to tolerate others. I personally have profound knowledge of Tata Steel Group’s, ethical practices, sustainability and it’s cooperate social responsibilities. References Chryssides, G.D and Kaler, J.H, Introduction to Business Ethics, Chapman and Hall, London, 1993. Fisher C., Lovel A. (2009). Business Ethics and Values. 3rd ed. England. Pearson Education Limited. 9-17, 338-359 Shaw W.H. Berry V. (2010). Moral Issues in Business11th ed. USA. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. 370-380 http://www.stonecourses.net/environment/benelca.html http://tatasteelindia.com/corporate/ethics/business-ethics.asp http://www.tata.com/article.aspx?artid=XL+n3uN42cQ= .

Summary Of Susan Glaspells A Jury Of Her Peers - 1229 Words

How ladies were dealt with in the eighteenth and nineteenth century In eighteenth century and the nineteenth century the life of ladies was extremely troublesome contrasted with introduce. There were numerous limitations over them. The sexual orientation separation was the primary concern that was honed in that period. The lady was not given the equivalent rights as man. The fundamental part of lady amid that time was as they grow up wed in their position have children and sustain and support the infant. The rank framework was extremely strict around then, and this was the fundamental inconvenience to lady around then. The difference of this can be seen the stories like A Jury of Her Peers and Slopes Like†¦show more content†¦This statement of energy to think and act freely repeats a solid womens activist subject: Their dependability to sisterhood is more grounded than that to marriage. The mens failure to see the realities of the circumstance is accentuated by Mrs. Solidnes s and Mrs. Subsides capacity to conclude the demoralizing course of Minnies life over the past 20 years. Furthermore, despite the fact that the male characters see no applicable signs in the kitchen, the ladies, once alone, see prove in the negligible condition of the kitchen: All is awry - the top is off the sugar canister and a half-full sack is sitting by it; there is a drying towel amidst the half-wiped kitchen table; and the squares for the stitch she is piecing comprise of fine, notwithstanding sewing - with the exception of one piece, in which the sewing is insane. What made this lady, they ponder, leave things half-done? What made her sufficiently anxious to make her sewing insane? What so occupied this lady, who even in prison stressed over her jam and needed a cover? (Bendel-Simso) Only ladies, and just ladies of comparable social and land foundations, can perceive these pieces of information. Hinting of this confirmation is given in the opening passage of the story, in wh ich Mrs. Robusts eye makes a scandalized scope of her kitchen as she is compelled to forsake her bread-production half-done when she is out of the blue called to theShow MoreRelatedSusan Glaspell s `` The Yellow Wallpaper `` And A Jury Of Her Peers ``2004 Words   |  9 Pagesfor fairness even in today’s society. This everlasting battle can be seen in both â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† by Susan Glaspell. Gilman’s story revolves around a woman who has postpartum depression. Her husband, who is also her physician, uses isolation to try and heal his wife’s â€Å"nervous disease.† Glaspell’s story, on the other hand, describes the murder of a man, with his wife being the prime suspect. This story is clearly about a battle of the